List each device with watts and estimated hours: lights, fridge, fan, water pump, router, radio, chargers. Multiply to get watt‑hours, then add at least twenty‑five percent for real‑world spikes, cold nights, and enthusiastic guests. A transparent budget clarifies priorities, exposes hidden drains, and makes trade‑offs comfortable rather than scary.
Translate daily watt‑hours into amp‑hours at your chosen voltage, then choose chemistry with realistic depth of discharge. Lithium often supports eighty to ninety percent usable capacity, while flooded lead‑acid prefers about fifty percent. Plan days of autonomy for clouds, derate for cold, and reserve headroom for growth you will inevitably want.
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